| L1 cache reference |
1 nanosecond |
| CPU branch mispredict |
3 nanoseconds |
| L2 cache reference |
4 nanoseconds |
| Mutex Lock / Unlock |
17 nanoseconds |
| Send 2000 bytes over commodity network |
62 nanoseconds |
| Main memory / RAM reference |
100 nanoseconds |
| Compress 1 KB with Zippy (Snappy) |
2 microseconds |
| Read 1 million bytes sequentially from main memory |
4 microseconds |
| Solid State Drive (SSD) random read |
16 microseconds |
| Read 1 million bytes sequentially from SSD |
62 microseconds |
| Read 1 million bytes sequentially from disk |
947 microseconds |
| Round trip network request in same data centre |
500 microseconds |
| Disk (Hard drive / magnetic drive) seek |
3 milliseconds |